How governments digitise tax and fee collection
The systems countries use to collect taxes, fees and levies online: who built them, how they are paid for, what audits found and what changed for payers, from official sources and dated. Updated 20 October 2026.
Explainers
- E-visa platforms: official fees, service charges and private operators
How e-visa and travel authorisation fees are set, what private operators charge, and what Sri Lanka's Auditor General found about an outsourced e-visa.
- How governments digitise the collection of taxes, fees and levies
The three main models for digital revenue collection, examples from Tanzania, Kenya, Rwanda and South Sudan, and what IMF and World Bank material says.
- Revenue collection contracts: how private operators are paid
How governments pay private firms to build and run revenue collection systems, with examples from Nigeria, Ghana, Rwanda, Ethiopia, Kenya and South Sudan.
Countries
- Ethiopia: Ministry of Revenues e-tax and telebirr tax payments
How Ethiopia's Ministry of Revenues takes tax payments through e-tax and telebirr, the history of e-filing, and new e-invoice accreditation rules.
- Ghana: Ghana.gov, GRA online services and the SML audit
How Ghana collects fees through Ghana.gov and taxes through GRA online services, who built Ghana.gov, and what KPMG and the Special Prosecutor found on SML
- Kenya: iTax, eCitizen and government digital payments
How Kenya collects taxes through KRA iTax and fees through eCitizen, who operates eCitizen, the KSh 50 convenience fee and the Auditor-General's audit.
- Liberia: LRA's LITAS, online and mobile tax payments, and GAC audits
How the Liberia Revenue Authority takes tax online through LITAS, which banks and mobile money firms are linked, and what the GAC audit found.
- Malawi: MRA's Msonkho Online and the Electronic Invoicing System
How the Malawi Revenue Authority runs online filing and payment on Msonkho Online and why it replaced fiscal devices with e-invoicing in 2026.
- Mozambique: AT's e-Tributação, e-Declaração and electronic tax payment
How Mozambique's tax authority AT runs e-Tributação and e-Declaração, how taxpayers pay with a GARE reference, and what the IMF has reported.
- Nigeria: Treasury Single Account, Remita and federal tax filing
How Nigeria collects federal revenue into the Treasury Single Account through Remita, how taxes are filed on TaxPro-Max, and the Remita fee disputes.
- Rwanda: IremboGov, the Irembo partnership and RRA e-Tax
How Rwanda runs IremboGov through a 25-year public-private partnership, what services cost, and how RRA e-Tax handles tax declarations.
- Senegal: DGID Etax, mobile tax payment and Treasury payment platforms
How Senegal's tax directorate DGID takes returns and payments on Etax and MAX IT, and how the Treasury pays and collects through Sen Trésor and fines.
- Sierra Leone: NRA tax systems, mobile payments for fees, and audit findings
How Sierra Leone's National Revenue Authority uses ITAS and ASYCUDA World, how non-tax fees are paid by mobile app, and what the 2024 audit found.
- South Sudan: the SSRA e-tax portal and Crawford Capital
South Sudan's 2021 e-tax portal, the role of Crawford Capital, the UN commission findings, US visa restrictions and the government response.
- Tanzania: the Government e-Payment Gateway (GePG) and TRA systems
How Tanzania's Government e-Payment Gateway works, its legal basis, control numbers, payment channels and the Tanzania Revenue Authority's online systems.
- Uganda: URA payments, EFRIS e-invoicing and digital tax stamps
How Uganda Revenue Authority takes payments with a payment registration number, runs EFRIS e-invoicing and digital tax stamps, and the stamp cost dispute.
- Zambia: ZRA TaxOnline, Smart Invoice, the Government Service Bus and ZamPortal
How Zambia Revenue Authority takes tax payments with a PRN, how Smart Invoice works, and what ZamPortal and the Government Service Bus have collected.
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